MyBatis的SQL语句构建器

Java程序员面对的最痛苦的事情之一就是在Java代码中嵌入SQL语句。由于SQL语句需要动态来生成，否则可以将它们放到外部文件或者存储过程中。虽然MyBatis的XML映射文件中有一个强大的动态SQL生成方案，但有时在Java代码内部创建SQL语句也是必要的。此时，MyBatis有另外一个特性可以帮到你，可以减少诸如加号、引号和嵌入条件等SQL硬拼接问题。事实上，在Java代码中来动态生成SQL代码就是一场噩梦。例如：

String sql = "SELECT P.ID, P.USERNAME, P.PASSWORD, P.FULL_NAME, "
"P.LAST_NAME,P.CREATED_ON, P.UPDATED_ON " +
"FROM PERSON P, ACCOUNT A " +
"INNER JOIN DEPARTMENT D on D.ID = P.DEPARTMENT_ID " +
"INNER JOIN COMPANY C on D.COMPANY_ID = C.ID " +
"WHERE (P.ID = A.ID AND P.FIRST_NAME like ?) " +
"OR (P.LAST_NAME like ?) " +
"GROUP BY P.ID " +
"HAVING (P.LAST_NAME like ?) " +
"OR (P.FIRST_NAME like ?) " +
"ORDER BY P.ID, P.FULL_NAME";

MyBatis 3提供了方便的工具类来帮助解决该问题。使用SQL类，简单地创建一个实例来调用方法生成SQL语句。上面示例中的问题就像重写SQL类那样：

private String selectPersonSql() {
  return new SQL() {{
    SELECT("P.ID, P.USERNAME, P.PASSWORD, P.FULL_NAME");
    SELECT("P.LAST_NAME, P.CREATED_ON, P.UPDATED_ON");
    FROM("PERSON P");
    FROM("ACCOUNT A");
    INNER_JOIN("DEPARTMENT D on D.ID = P.DEPARTMENT_ID");
    INNER_JOIN("COMPANY C on D.COMPANY_ID = C.ID");
    WHERE("P.ID = A.ID");
    WHERE("P.FIRST_NAME like ?");
    OR();
    WHERE("P.LAST_NAME like ?");
    GROUP_BY("P.ID");
    HAVING("P.LAST_NAME like ?");
    OR();
    HAVING("P.FIRST_NAME like ?");
    ORDER_BY("P.ID");
    ORDER_BY("P.FULL_NAME");
  }}.toString();
}

SQL类简介

这里给出一些示例：

// 匿名内部类
public String deletePersonSql() {
  return new SQL() {{
    DELETE_FROM("PERSON");
    WHERE("ID = #{id}");
  }}.toString();
}

// Builder / Fluent 风格
public String insertPersonSql() {
  String sql = new SQL()
    .INSERT_INTO("PERSON")
    .VALUES("ID, FIRST_NAME", "#{id}, #{firstName}")
    .VALUES("LAST_NAME", "#{lastName}")
    .toString();
  return sql;
}

// 带条件的sql语句
public String selectPersonLike(final String id, final String firstName, final String lastName) {
  return new SQL() {{
    SELECT("P.ID, P.USERNAME, P.PASSWORD, P.FIRST_NAME, P.LAST_NAME");
    FROM("PERSON P");
    if (id != null) {
      WHERE("P.ID like #{id}");
    }
    if (firstName != null) {
      WHERE("P.FIRST_NAME like #{firstName}");
    }
    if (lastName != null) {
      WHERE("P.LAST_NAME like #{lastName}");
    }
    ORDER_BY("P.LAST_NAME");
  }}.toString();
}

public String deletePersonSql() {
  return new SQL() {{
    DELETE_FROM("PERSON");
    WHERE("ID = #{id}");
  }}.toString();
}

public String insertPersonSql() {
  return new SQL() {{
    INSERT_INTO("PERSON");
    VALUES("ID, FIRST_NAME", "#{id}, #{firstName}");
    VALUES("LAST_NAME", "#{lastName}");
  }}.toString();
}

public String updatePersonSql() {
  return new SQL() {{
    UPDATE("PERSON");
    SET("FIRST_NAME = #{firstName}");
    WHERE("ID = #{id}");
  }}.toString();
}

SQL语句构建器列表